.. _history:
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History
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:local:
:depth: 2
This section presents the evolution of GridUnesp year by year, from its conception to the present day.
The video below summarises the history of GridUnesp since its creation.
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2008 - Infrastructure Announcement
====================================
UNESP announces the largest high-performance computing infrastructure in Latin America.
**Total investment:** R$ 8 million
- **Ministry of Science and Technology:** R$ 4.4 million (via Finep/Fundunesp)
- **UNESP:** R$ 3.6 million
**Acquisition:** Competitive bidding process won by Sun Microsystems of Brazil.
**Original hardware specifications:**
- Processors: Quad Core Intel Xeon 5400
- Processing cores: 2,048
- Capacity: 33.3 teraflops (trillions of calculations per second)
**Composition:**
- **Central cluster:** 256 processing nodes on the UNESP campus in São Paulo (Barra Funda)
- **Six distributed clusters:** 16 nodes each, on the campuses of:
- Araraquara
- Bauru
- Botucatu
- Ilha Solteira
- Rio Claro
- São José do Rio Preto
**Connectivity:**
- High-speed connection to the North American Internet2
- MetroSampa network linking institutions in the São Paulo metropolitan area
- ANSP/RNP/Florida International University network between São Paulo and Miami
- FAPESP's KyaTera network connecting São Paulo to the interior clusters
**Benefits for the scientific community:**
- Remote access for large-scale computational operations
- Support for areas requiring processing and analysis of large data volumes
- Reduction in research computation time
- Performance leadership with low energy consumption
- International partnerships (Open Science Grid – USA, European and Asian grids)
2009 - Start of Operations
===========================
GridUnesp begins operation, representing a Brazilian milestone in:
- High-performance computing
- Long-distance optical networks for scientific research
**Equivalent capacity at the time:**
- 10,000 personal computers
- Storage equivalent to an 18-storey tower of stacked DVDs
- Communication speed 5,000 times faster than home broadband
**Training:**
First course offered at the Center for Scientific Computing of UNESP (NCC/Unesp), covering:
- In-person format with online broadcast
- Basic operation of GridUnesp
- Compilers and development tools
- Parallelism and optimisation techniques
2010 - Expansion and Outreach
==============================
**MasterClass Event:**
Reception of high-school students during an international event, including:
- Presentation on the GridUnesp infrastructure
- Visit to the cluster at the Datacenter
**Year-end metrics:**
- 26 registered scientific projects
- Areas covered: Biophysics, Biology, Materials Science, Computing, Physics, Geosciences, Chemistry
- 90 registered members
- 10 million processing hours
2011 - Accelerated Growth
==========================
- New call for project registration
- **12 new scientific projects**
- **41 new users**
- More than **20 million** processing hours
2012 - International Recognition
==================================
**Higgs Boson Discovery:**
Scientists connected to GridUnesp take part in the discovery at CERN.
**CERN Visit:**
A delegation of six physicists from the European Organization for Nuclear Research visits GridUnesp, related to Brazil's bid for associate membership.
2013 - Consolidation and New Services
======================================
**HPC Administrators Workshop:**
- Support for technical teams of research groups
- Training based on GridUnesp's operational experience
- Creation of a professional network for knowledge exchange
**Intel Software Conference:**
- Parallel programming focused on Intel Xeon Phi
- Hands-on activities
**ANSPGrid CA:**
Deployment of the `ANSPGrid CA `_ Certification Authority at NCC/Unesp:
- Issuance of X.509 grid certificates for researchers
- Public-key cryptography for the São Paulo scientific community
- Compliance with International Grid Trust Federation (IGTF) guidelines
2014 - Accessibility
=====================
Creation of a web portal to facilitate researchers' access:
- Intuitive interface for a complete workflow
- Developed with free and open-source code
- Accessible via browser
**Press visit:**
Trainee reporters from the newspaper *Folha de S. Paulo* visit the infrastructure during the Science and Health Training Programme.
2015 - Expressive Milestones
==============================
GridUnesp reaches:
- More than **60** registered scientific projects
- More than **300** registered users
- More than **140 million** processing hours
2016 - Upgrade and Scientific Achievements
===========================================
**Gravitational wave discovery:**
LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) announces the detection of gravitational waves. GridUnesp was:
- The second largest contributor to processing, behind only Fermilab
- 7.5 million hours processed (12.3% of the total in OSG)
**Acquisition of new equipment (upgrade):**
- **Funding:** R$ 2.2 million from Finep
- **Supplier:** Huawei
**New hardware specifications:**
*Processing:*
- 56 servers (1,568 cores)
- 2 Intel E5-2680 v4 processors (2.4 GHz) per server
- 28 cores per server
- 4 GB per core
- 40 GB/s network
- 60 TFlops (theoretical)
*Management:*
- 4 servers with 12 cores each
- 40 GbE network
*Storage:*
- 288 TB raw (216 TB effective)
- NL-SAS 4 TB disks with Lustre technology
- 4 control servers
*Internal network:*
- 40 GbE interconnecting processing nodes
- 2 switches with 32 ports of 40 GbE each
**Upgrade gains:**
- Solution for saturated infrastructure
- 15-fold reduction in energy consumption
**New documentation:**
Release of the reformulated and updated user documentation.
2017 - Upgrade Completion
==========================
**Final capacity:**
================ ========= ============
Feature Before After upgrade
---------------- --------- ------------
Processing 23 TFlops 77 TFlops
Storage 136 TB 288 TB
CPU Cores 2,048 3,104
================ ========= ============
2018 - Expansion and Statistics
=================================
**ANSPGrid CA:**
- Certificates now issued to research institutes across all of Brazil
- Certificate Policy updated (version 2.0)
**Statistics:**
- More than 80 registered scientific projects
- 500 registered users
- 170 million processing hours
- More than 200 publications using GridUnesp resources
2019 - Science Outreach
=========================
**Special MasterClass event:**
Celebration of the International Day of Women and Girls in Science:
- Around 100 girls from public and private schools
- Presentation of Physics topics (Standard Model)
- Visit to the cluster at the Data Center
2020 - Pandemic and Accelerated Demand
========================================
**Operations:**
- Team working in remote mode
- Remote maintenance of almost all systems
**Demand:**
- More than 100 registered projects (19 in 2020 alone)
- More than 650 registered users (75 in 2020)
- Around 13 million processing hours in the year
2021 - Remote Continuity
==========================
- Maintenance of remote working regime
- **67** new registered users
- More than **11 million** processing hours
**ANSPGrid CA:**
- Root certificate renewed for a further 10 years
- Certificate Policy updated (version 3.0)
2022 - Return and Consolidation
=================================
- Return to in-person work
- Rare idle periods for the cluster
- More than 1,000 daily jobs in the partition (≈50% running simultaneously)
- Release of user documentation version 2.0
2023-2024 - Continuous Expansion
==================================
**New equipment:**
- New 400 TB storage system with the installation of a more modern and reliable system
- GPU nodes to meet demands from machine learning and artificial intelligence
**Community:**
- More than 140 registered projects
- More than 850 registered users
- Continuous scientific output across multiple areas of knowledge
2025 - New Milestones
======================
- Surpasses 1,000 registered users
- Intensive GPU use: more than 50,000 jobs in one year
- More than 160 scientific applications and corresponding versions installed since 2017
.. seealso::
- :ref:`statistics` - Updated usage data
- :ref:`infrastructure` - Current cluster configuration
- :ref:`publications` - Scientific output using GridUnesp
- :ref:`covid19` - Impact of the pandemic on operations